小川律师说法-执行程序下的律师组合拳
一、闲扯篇
轰轰烈烈的双十一刚刚过去。目之所及,好像每个人多少都买了的点东西,即使什么也不需要的,买点干果啃一啃吧,反正可以放很久。总之,马云在朋友圈时而变成败家娘们儿,时而变成吸血鬼。相信很多人都看过这个段子,安慰人的时候,外国人说,you need cry, dear;中国人说:有你的快递。艾玛,效果是一样一样的!
买都买了,后悔也没用,接下里吃土的一个月,安安稳稳的上班赚钱才是正道。立冬已过,眼见2017年马上要收官,一年又要混过去了。话说回来,一直能平平安安的混日子也是一种幸福吧。最好能混到谷歌说的人类永生的黑科技诞生,身体各个部件换一换,连上了,BINGO, 完美。
路遇一家猫店,各种各样的猫咪姿态憨萌,超级可爱。忽然看到一只光皮没毛的,身体很长,惊呼好丑。看看介绍,是来自加拿大的什么斯芬克斯猫?难不成就是出谜语的那个斯芬克斯怪物?“早上用四条腿走路,中午用两条腿走路,晚上用三条腿走路”。价格不菲,店家专门贴了一张纸,上书猫星人自白:“你嫌我丑,我嫌你穷!”笑倒。
网上看那个扫地机器人,太不像机器人了,简直就是一个大饼,怎么看都没感觉。等以后发明了机器人管家,能端茶送水,能烧饭洗衣,能陪聊天陪下棋,能自我学习,每天换发型、自动美颜......哎呀,畅想未来,未来可真美好。我们是不是赶上了新时代。
对了,本文不是要仰望星空,而是要学习法律的啊。普天之下,莫非王土,规矩还是要遵守。
二、判决后拿不到钱咋办
每个打官司的人最关心的就是执行问题。如果对方就是一分钱也没有,光脚的不怕穿鞋的,倒也没什么好办法。郁闷的就是公司一文不名,而老板却开着玛莎拉蒂,打打高尔夫球,申请执行的人太不平衡了。这个“有限责任公司”难不成是拿来给这些老赖们挡债的吗?
当然,执行案件具体是法官来办理,律师能做的事情很有限。提出强制执行的申请后,大多数情况只能等执行法官的工作速度了。然而法官干多干少薪资是一样的,那个积极性自然一般。大公司好办,账户一查就行,难就难在公司没钱,找不到人,而申请人却发现,欠债的公司老板却生活逍遥。
小川律师在双十一辛苦采购之余,研究了相关法律法规,拼凑出几招,看官只管拿走。效果没保证。保证没效果,哈哈。
支招一:申请被执行人报告财产。
这个依据的是《民事诉讼法》,具体法条如下:
最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉执行程序若干问题的解释》
第三十一条:人民法院依照民事诉讼法第二百一十七条规定责令被执行人报告财产情况的,应当向其发出报告财产令。报告财产令中应当写明报告财产的范围、报告财产的期间、拒绝报告或者虚假报告的法律后果等内容。
第三十二条 被执行人依照民事诉讼法第二百一十七条的规定,应当书面报告下列财产情况:
(一)收入、银行存款、现金、有价证券;
(二)土地使用权、房屋等不动产;
(三)交通运输工具、机器设备、产品、原材料等动产;
(四)债权、股权、投资权益、基金、知识产权等财产性权利;
(五)其他应当报告的财产。
被执行人自收到执行通知之日前一年至当前财产发生变动的,应当对该变动情况进行报告。
作为申请人可以要求查看财产报告并提出疑问。实际上,如果被申请人真的能根据这个命令提交财产报告的话,申请人可以从中得到很多财产线索。但实务中申请人能拿到这个报告的情况不太多。
支招二:纳入失信执行人名单,申请限制高消费。
法院应申请可以签发限制消费令,如果被执行人是公司的,那么这个命令是针对公司的。但好消息是,如果公司被发布了限制消费令,公司的法定代表人或主要负责人也不得实施以公司财产为支出的高消费行为,确是以个人财产发生的因私消费,要向法院申请才可以实施。这一条真正落实的话,老赖公司的老板们确是会大受影响。连坐个高铁都不好买票吧?
《最高人民法院关于限制被执行人高消费及有关消费的若干规定》
第三条 被执行人为自然人的,被采取限制消费措施后,不得有以下高消费及非生活和工作必需的消费行为:
(一)乘坐交通工具时,选择飞机、列车软卧、轮船二等以上舱位;
(二)在星级以上宾馆、酒店、夜总会、高尔夫球场等场所进行高消费;
(三)购买不动产或者新建、扩建、高档装修房屋;
(四)租赁高档写字楼、宾馆、公寓等场所办公;
(五)购买非经营必需车辆;
(六)旅游、度假;
(七)子女就读高收费私立学校;
(八)支付高额保费购买保险理财产品;
(九)乘坐G字头动车组列车全部座位、其他动车组列车一等以上座位等其他非生活和工作必需的消费行为。
被执行人为单位的,被采取限制消费措施后,被执行人及其法定代表人、主要负责人、影响债务履行的直接责任人员、实际控制人不得实施前款规定的行为。因私消费以个人财产实施前款规定行为的,可以向执行法院提出申请。执行法院审查属实的,应予准许。
另外,有证据证明法定代表人个人账户与公司账户财产混同的,法院可以裁定追加或变更法定代表人为被执行人,冻结法定代表人个人账户资金。
《关于“失信被执行人是单位的,建议冻结法定代表人的个人账户”问题的答复》:“......如果作为被执行人的有限公司没有财产履行债务,同时,有充分证据证明其法定代表人转移公司资金到个人账户构成抽逃注册资金,或者有充分证据证明法定代表人个人账户的钱就是有限公司的钱,人民法院可以裁定变更或追加其法定代表人为被执行人,从而对其个人账户采取冻结措施。”
当然,这个“充分证据”的评判标准是要法官来判断的,“法人代表个人账户的钱就是有限公司的钱”,至少要有证据证明,收付货款等都以法代个人账户进行,等等。不知实务中有没有律师同行成功用到这一条。
支招三:申请限制出境。
如果官司未了结,可以向法院申请限制对方公司的法定代表人出境。依据是《中国人民共和国出境入境管理法》。
第十二条 中国公民有下列情形之一的,不准出境:
......(三)有未了结的民事案件,人民法院决定不准出境的;
小川律师曾有一个案件,对方法定代表人要去韩国新婚蜜月,结果在海关被拦下,因为她已经上了限制出境的名单。结果大家来谈判。也就是说,所有的招数都试试,天晓得哪一个就有用了呢。段誉只会一招凌波微步,不也是博得了大美人王语嫣的青睐嘛。
支招四:没了......
底下的都是不算招数的招数,看过算过。
公司债权人可以要求未履行或未全部履行出资义务的股东在未出资本息范围内对公司债务不能清偿部分承担补充赔偿责任:
1、如公司章程规定的股东出资期限到期,部分或全部股东应当在未履行或未全部履行的出资本息范围内补足出资,以清偿债务。
2、如公司章程规定的股东出资期限未到期,但公司出现不能清偿到期债务的情形,债权人可以提出破产清算申请,对于没有缴足出资的公司股东,可以要求提前缴足并参与公司清算。
三、总结篇
玛雅人预言,人类文明到2012年12月31日,当时解读为世界末日了。不想2013年1月1日大家还活的好好的。不过,回头想想确是2013年春天才第一次用到了只能手机,小川律师第一次用的是小米,哈哈+。之后智能概念雨后春笋,可以说人类的确是从2013年起进入了新的文明。
下次老朋友见面,握个手吧,看看有没有人类的温度,还是一半是机器一半是人类?当心,你可能是个假的你,我可能是个假的我。哈哈哈哈,一切皆有可能。
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